Basically, a wet room is an open bathroom that has no clear distinction between the shower space and the rest of the room. Interior decorators have different ways of achieving this. Styling options include: Having no separation at all between the shower and the wider floor. Using a half or full glass door for the shower, but extending the same flooring …The reason for this is that as the room is water-sealed, wet room owners can clean with water much more freely than a traditional bathroom which are often not entirely watertight around the floor." Five of the most common stated benefits of wet rooms are: Easier to clean. Accessibility. Style. Could add value to a home. Good for smaller …Despite being one of the most important stages of installing a wet room, it is a surprisingly simple process. Thanks to our all in one tanking membrane, all of the necessary surfaces can be tanked in a flexible membrane that stretches and moves with the building. It can be applied with a roller or paintbrush.Oct 11, 2022 · If you're unfamiliar with the term, a "wet room" is a shower in an open or partially enclosed area of the bathroom. In many wet rooms, you might also find a free-standing tub in the shower area. The result is an airy, easy-to-clean space meant to make a statement. Designer Cathie Hong of Cathie Hong Interiors has used this trend in a few ... A wet room is a style of bathroom design where there is no separation or shower enclosure between damp and dry areas. The entire room is waterproofed compared …Feb 18, 2021 · Wet Room Bathrooms (Design Ideas) By Brooke Carson February 18, 2021 April 5, 2023. Here we share our wet room bathrooms design guide including shower, freestanding tub and flooring ideas. Once upon a time, it was common to have closed-off kitchens and separate dining rooms. But tastes and times have changed, and now the open plan kitchen reigns. According to Diana Melichar, president of Melichar Architects in Lake Forest, Illinois, a wet room is essentially an open plan bathroom, with no divisions between the …12. Add a Shower Handset. Handsets make a great addition to wet rooms and the function as both a practical and an aesthetically pleasing feature. Arezzo Round Matt Black Handset. Adding a handset to your shower can add to your wet room design while providing a practical and useful feature to your shower.Jun 30, 2021 · A wet bathroom might also go by the name of simply ‘wet room.’ It is a bathroom in which all of the surfaces are waterproof and can therefore be simply wiped down. As the surfaces in a wet bathroom are all waterproof, the room can be open plan and remove the need for a shower screen or curtain. 75 Bathroom - Open Shower and Wet Room Ideas You'll Love - March, 2024 | Houzz. ON SALE - UP TO 75% OFF. Bathroom Vanities Chandeliers Bar Stools Pendant Lights Rugs Living Room Chairs Dining Room Furniture Wall Lighting Coffee Tables Side & End Tables Home Office Furniture Sofas Bedroom Furniture Lamps Mirrors. Jan 30, 2018 ... The main difference between a wet room and a walk-in shower is pretty simple. Wet rooms are a space that is typically entirely open-plan. The ... South Broad Paint & Home Center. Inspiration for a mid-sized traditional master wet room bathroom in New York with beaded inset cabinets, medium wood cabinets, an alcove tub, white tile, subway tile, white walls, marble floors, an undermount sink, marble benchtops, white floor and an open shower. Save Photo. Jan 3, 2024 ... One significant benefit of a wet room setup is that you can direct all the water into a single drain, so no one's stopping you if you take your ...May 24, 2022 · A wet room is a style of bathroom design where there is no separation or shower enclosure between damp and dry areas. The entire room is waterproofed compared to only the bathing area of a traditional bathroom. The shower space leads into the rest of the room without a barrier, such as a shower curb step or shower curtain, or door, between them. Our range of wet room foundation products are designed to cater for every construction scenario. Wet room kits allow for a streamlined installation process, whilst our range of wet room drains give you … Honest Living. Bathroom - mid-sized modern master green tile and ceramic tile slate floor, gray floor, double-sink and exposed beam bathroom idea in Chicago with flat-panel cabinets, light wood cabinets, a one-piece toilet, green walls, an integrated sink, solid surface countertops, white countertops and a floating vanity. Save Photo. The bathroom needs to be completely waterproofed before installing your wet room. The floor tiles also need to be laid in a very specific way – a gradient must be created along the floor to channel the water into a drain. Creating a watertight seal, also known as tanking, will save you from problems such as …Nassboards Wetroom Shower Tray & Aqua Kit · AiDeHuaKeJi Self-Adhesive Silicone Wet Room Floor Barrier,Bath Dam Seal Trim,Shower · Floor Squeegee Mop with 3- ...Oct 20, 2022 ... Wet rooms are a stylish, practical option to a shower. Wet room showers do not have a tray that you step over when entering or exiting the ...Jan 3, 2024 · Specifically, a wet room does not have a separation between the shower and the rest of the bathroom floor. Both shower height and partitions are seamless throughout the space, creating a water-resistant space. Using tiles and other materials makes more efficient use of space and also creates a relaxing, spa-style experience for bathing. Modern ensuite wet room bathroom in Dallas with flat-panel cabinets, light wood cabinets, a freestanding bath, white tiles, ceramic tiles, white walls, porcelain flooring, a submerged sink, marble worktops, beige floors, a hinged door, white worktops, double sinks, a freestanding vanity unit and a vaulted ceiling. Save Photo.Accessible wet room dimensions are different to standard wet rooms, with building regulations stating the minimum as 2500mm x 2400mm. These are for a disabled wet room with a toilet, basin and shower. There are also recommended minimum requirements for shower trays, those being 1000mm x 1000mm. It is a possibility …Porcelain tiles remain one of the most popular flooring options for wet rooms. They are affordable and available in a huge range of sizes and colours. Go for a single colour or mix and match to make a pattern or mosaic. Do not confuse the porcelain with ceramic tiles. Ceramic is more porous, meaning it is more likely to absorb water.Finding the perfect room with a bathroom for rent can be an exciting yet challenging task. Whether you’re a student, young professional, or someone looking to downsize, having a ch...A wet room may sound mysterious and potentially freaky, but it's actually quite simple and exactly what it sounds like: a bathroom wherein everything is optimized to thrive in …With any wet room, you’ll need to decide whether the showering space is to be fully open, where the whole of the bathroom is designed to get wet, or semi-open (like this one) with a half wall and screen so that water splashes are confined to the immediate shower area. 9. Go big with bright colours (Image credit: Future PLC)Jan 30, 2018 ... The main difference between a wet room and a walk-in shower is pretty simple. Wet rooms are a space that is typically entirely open-plan. The ...Laminex Aquapanel is a waterproof wall paneling system that is becoming increasingly popular for use in bathrooms, showers, and other wet areas. It is an attractive and cost-effect...When choosing a bathroom vanity, consider upcycling a vintage or antique wood piece of furniture and adding a sink and waterproof countertop. A. Naber Design upcycled a midcentury modern buffet into a handsome bathroom vanity with character and plenty of storage. Continue to 6 of 102 below. 06 of 102.A wet room is a specially designed bathroom where everything in the space can get wet without being ruined. There is no need to step up and over a tub or HOB. In a wet room the shower is level with the rest of the floor. The water from the showerhead in a wet room drains away into a drain on the shower floor. For extra safety, non-slip wet room ...Built in 1969. Architects Buff and Hensman. Example of a mid-sized mid-century modern master medium tone wood floor and brown floor bathroom design in Los Angeles with flat-panel cabinets, medium tone wood cabinets, white countertops, an integrated sink, marble countertops and a hinged shower door. Save Photo.A bathroom wet area is just what it sounds like: a portion of the bathroom where everything in the area can and likely will get wet. Many times, this takes the form of an unenclosed shower space with no shower tray in the floor. Many times, wet bathrooms only have a drain closer to the center of the room. …The term “Wet Room” (sometimes known as shower room) refers to a bathroom that includes a shower, a sink, and a toilet with a water supply. The shower drain is often located in the bathroom, where the water is released. Shower enclosures aren’t necessary for open wet rooms, but many customers prefer them for their ability to contain ...Melichar says in a hybrid wet room the shower and bathtub may be grouped together in the 'wet' area, while the vanity and toilet remain separate. "This seems like a happy compromise," she says.Wet mounts should ideally have no air bubbles because beginners may have trouble distinguishing the bubbles from the specimen when looking under the microscope. The presence of bub...Apr 7, 2023 · A wet room is unlike a walk-in shower or shower room as the room itself takes the place of any shower screens or enclosures. "A wet room is a waterproofed or tanked bathroom with a shower area set at the same level as the rest of the floor in the bathroom," explains Juliet Ramsdale, product manager of trays and enclosures at Mira Showers. Jul 30, 2021 · Saying that, a wet room can add 20% more value to your home compared to a regular bathroom reno. Depending on specifications chosen and the size of your space, budget around £7,000 for a basic design and up to £40,000 or more for a large or luxurious wet room in the UK. U.S. costs start at about $20,000. The tub and shower area are combined to create a wet room. the overhead rain shower and wall mounted fixtures provide a spa-like experience. Photo: Seth Caplan. Save Photo. Greenwood bathroom. Tristan Gary Designs. Bathroom remodel photos by Derrik Louie from Clarity NW Bathroom - small transitional 3/4 white tile and subway tile ceramic tile …Jun 25, 2023 ... According to Diana Melichar, president of Melichar Architects in Lake Forest, Illinois, a wet room is essentially an open plan bathroom, with no ... Friedman & Shields. Bathroom - large contemporary master beige tile and porcelain tile dark wood floor and brown floor bathroom idea in Phoenix with flat-panel cabinets, brown cabinets, beige walls, an undermount sink, quartzite countertops, a hinged shower door and white countertops. Save Photo. 4. Wooden wet room bathroom. Opting for wooden features for your wet room will give the space a sauna-like feel which brings warmth and tranquility. Timber adds so much texture and softens the room, and there are so many different ways you can do add timber. Check out these wooden bathroom ideas for a bit of …Wet room panels make an excellent alternative to traditional tiles in wet rooms of all sizes and layouts. Crafted with utmost care, our wet room panels are built to withstand moisture, ensuring a long-lasting and low-maintenance solution for your wet room. Choose from a range of captivating designs and finishes, from sleek …Jun 30, 2021 · A wet bathroom might also go by the name of simply ‘wet room.’ It is a bathroom in which all of the surfaces are waterproof and can therefore be simply wiped down. As the surfaces in a wet bathroom are all waterproof, the room can be open plan and remove the need for a shower screen or curtain. Jan 31, 2024 · What is a wet room in a bathroom? A wet room is a bathroom type where all the walls and floors are sealed against water, there is no separation between the shower or tub and the rest of the bathroom, and the entire bathroom is on the same level, including the shower floor. What are the disadvantages of a wet room? Wet Room Bathroom Designs. Transform your bathroom with a stylish and functional wet-room. We pride ourselves in creating stunning, sleek wet-rooms and walk-in showers in all corner, recess & straight wall bathroom styles to suit your home. We can also do it all with options for easy access walk in baths, showers & …Mar 30, 2023 · Wet Rooms for Small Baths . Both small and large spaces can be prime for a wet room renovation, but a small bath is where you might see the most benefit. “Designers and contractors can take a small, cramped bathroom and make it feel open, large, and accessible by turning it into a wet room,” says Micetich. Save space with a wet room With the average bathroom not much bigger than a king-sized bed, a wet room can be an ideal space-saving solution. “Shower cubicles can constrict movement in a small room, so installing a wet room, where the whole room can effectively become the shower, optimises the space …Mar 30, 2023 · Wet Rooms for Small Baths . Both small and large spaces can be prime for a wet room renovation, but a small bath is where you might see the most benefit. “Designers and contractors can take a small, cramped bathroom and make it feel open, large, and accessible by turning it into a wet room,” says Micetich. Laminex Aquapanel is a waterproof wall paneling system that is becoming increasingly popular for use in bathrooms, showers, and other wet areas. It is an attractive and cost-effect...When choosing a bathroom vanity, consider upcycling a vintage or antique wood piece of furniture and adding a sink and waterproof countertop. A. Naber Design upcycled a midcentury modern buffet into a handsome bathroom vanity with character and plenty of storage. Continue to 6 of 102 below. 06 of 102.A wet room bathroom is a completely waterproofed space that combines both the shower and bathroom area, typically without any form of enclosure or tray to create an open-concept design. Definition & Key Design Features. A wet room bathroom is a modern and elegant solution for those looking to maximize their space and create a …Getting your wet-room installed properly is essential. There is a lot more prep work involved in installing a wet-room to a standard tiled bathroom. Your floor and walls have to be fully prepped and tanked using the correct materials, We use Jackoboard which can be formed to any shape or size.A wet room is a bathroom where the shower’s floor area is integral to and flush with the rest of the flooring, i.e. there is no step up or down. A spa bathroom is one that has been inspired by spa-design, might have a steam room element, and thus they too are often wet rooms. A wet room may or may not …97 reviews / 4.92 5. Peter is our go-to plumber - today he sourced and replaced our faulty shower pump, inside a couple of hours. He is an excellent workman:... Tel: 0208 4050 569. Mob: 07881 494 527.12. Add a Shower Handset. Handsets make a great addition to wet rooms and the function as both a practical and an aesthetically pleasing feature. Arezzo Round Matt Black Handset. Adding a handset to your shower can add to your wet room design while providing a practical and useful feature to your shower.May 26, 2023 · Brophy Interiors. This moody walk-in shower from Brophy Interiors is covered in dark gray concrete-style tile on the walls, floors, and built-in bench in the walk-in shower, making the bright white adjacent soaking tub stand out. Continue to 15 of 43 below. 15 of 43. Medium sized contemporary ensuite wet room bathroom in Perth with flat-panel cabinets, light wood cabinets, a freestanding bath, white tiles, ceramic tiles, white walls, porcelain flooring, a vessel sink, engineered stone worktops, grey floors, an open shower, white worktops, a single sink and a floating vanity unit. Save Photo. …May 26, 2023 · Brophy Interiors. This moody walk-in shower from Brophy Interiors is covered in dark gray concrete-style tile on the walls, floors, and built-in bench in the walk-in shower, making the bright white adjacent soaking tub stand out. Continue to 15 of 43 below. 15 of 43. How to Design a Bathroom Wet Room. Make a small bathroom feel bigger, or just enjoy a sleek, open showering space. Here’s what you need to know if you’re considering the increasingly popular wet-room option. by Fred Albert.Medium sized contemporary ensuite wet room bathroom in Perth with flat-panel cabinets, light wood cabinets, a freestanding bath, white tiles, ceramic tiles, white walls, porcelain flooring, a vessel sink, engineered stone worktops, grey floors, an open shower, white worktops, a single sink and a floating vanity unit. Save Photo. …Oct 20, 2022 ... Wet rooms are a stylish, practical option to a shower. Wet room showers do not have a tray that you step over when entering or exiting the ...When leather gets wet, oils in the leather that keep the protein bonds between the leather fibers from getting brittle bind with the water. Water releases the oils near the surface...Waterproofing, or tanking, your wet room is crucial to prevent leaks and water damage.The tanking process involves applying a waterproof membrane to the floor, the lower section of the walls, and the entire shower area.This membrane should also wrap over the floor’s surface into the drain to create a seamless water barrier.Jul 30, 2021 · Saying that, a wet room can add 20% more value to your home compared to a regular bathroom reno. Depending on specifications chosen and the size of your space, budget around £7,000 for a basic design and up to £40,000 or more for a large or luxurious wet room in the UK. U.S. costs start at about $20,000. Nov 4, 2023 ... A wet room is an increasingly popular bathroom solution that seamlessly integrates the shower area with the rest of the bathroom. By ...The wet room bathroom isn’t necessarily a new concept but is having an invigorated resurgence in homes. Last year we saw many renovators adopt the open-plan formation, which typically sees the shower, bath and sometimes vanity in a boundary-free space. We thought this revival was an exciting development and …An RV wet bath is a compact size all-in-one bathroom. Meaning, everything you need in a bathroom – toilet, shower and sink – are all using the same floor. ... But the shower, while in the same room, has a separate space. This allows only the shower area to get wet (if you have a great shower door or …Jan 11, 2022 · 5. Mix and Match Tiles for a Distinctive Wet Room. (Image credit: Mandarin Stone) With a fully tanked wet room, using one tile throughout for the walls and floors can be a little intense. Add texture and break up the uniformity of the space with a mix of tile designs, and create a unique statement. The brass double shower head opens up this wet room bathroom and adds a sense of luxe to the wet room. (Credit: Photographer: John Downs) How to future-proof your wet room. Beware of following trends too closely. “Replacing a curved shower wall, rose-gold tapware and blush-coloured tiles may be expensive down the track, so keep it …The sliding glass door separating the wet room from the rest of the bathroom is a unique finishing touch. 15. Add some vintage flair. Image Credit: Studio Trio The gorgeous clawfoot tub in this wet room adds the perfect amount of vintage flair. Traditional brass fixtures and hardware complement the scheme and …Basically, a wet room is an open bathroom that has no clear distinction between the shower space and the rest of the room. Interior decorators have different ways of achieving this. Styling options include: Having no separation at all between the shower and the wider floor. Using a half or full glass door for the shower, but extending the same flooring …Wet rooms remove the need to step into the bath or shower, making them the safest and easiest-to-access solution for the elderly, wheelchair users and people with mobility issues. The Aquarius elderly-friendly wet room, our most accessible bathing product, is completely bespoke and comes with safety grab bars, folded seating and slip-resistant ...What is a Wet Room? Wet room bathrooms have an open concept design with a shower that typically has no door or shower tray. Instead of a shower door, one can walk directly in to the shower. The shower may …Wet rooms are bathing areas that generally include both a shower and tub. There are no steps or major walls involved in sectioning these spaces off from the rest of the bathroom. Wet rooms provide an excellent …Think again…creating a wet room can make smaller bathroom appear much larger. AND small wet rooms are actually really functional!! After all, the Japanese have been doing it for centuries. If your room is small it will open it up allowing it to feel and become more spacious and useful. But before you go ahead and install one, …Jan 12, 2022 · Low maintenance. Wet rooms are easier to maintain than normal showers as the wet room glass panels have Easi-Clean glass coating technology – this makes cleaning easier and reduces water spots and bacteria build up. Cleaning is even more of a breeze when opting for a wall-hung toilet or basin, as this provides easy access to the entire floor ... A wet room may sound mysterious and potentially freaky, but it's actually quite simple and exactly what it sounds like: a bathroom wherein everything is optimized to thrive in …Jan 12, 2022 · Low maintenance. Wet rooms are easier to maintain than normal showers as the wet room glass panels have Easi-Clean glass coating technology – this makes cleaning easier and reduces water spots and bacteria build up. Cleaning is even more of a breeze when opting for a wall-hung toilet or basin, as this provides easy access to the entire floor ... The open design of wet rooms in the bathroom lends itself to simplicity; however, the spaces usually feature custom tile work and glass partitions that also add unmatched elegance — this isn’t your high school’s walk-in locker room shower. Here are some of the benefits of adding a bathroom wet room: Frameless showers let in more light.Wet rooms are bathing areas that generally include both a shower and tub. There are no steps or major walls involved in sectioning these spaces off from the rest of the bathroom. Wet rooms provide an excellent …Within a wetroom there is no difference between the shower area and the rest of the room. A wetroom is a room with no step up into a shower and will, instead, have a clear walkthrough. A bathroom can have a shower or bath, or a shower over a bath, in any combination but there will be a clear distinction between the bathing area and the rest of ...The reason for this is that as the room is water-sealed, wet room owners can clean with water much more freely than a traditional bathroom which are often not entirely watertight around the floor." Five of the most common stated benefits of wet rooms are: Easier to clean. Accessibility. Style. Could add value to a home. Good for smaller …Waterproofing. Wet room waterproofing requires priming the ground floor, the wall area all over the shower, and the lower sections of the entire room. Ideally, the tiles are put onto a membrane layered with glue paste. To prevent situations where water would fill the flooring, the door threshold must be raised …“A wet room is a bathroom design that eliminates the need for a separate shower enclosure by having the entire room serve as the shower area,” says Artem Kropovinsky, …With any wet room, you’ll need to decide whether the showering space is to be fully open, where the whole of the bathroom is designed to get wet, or semi-open (like this one) with a half wall and screen so that water splashes are confined to the immediate shower area. 9. Go big with bright colours (Image credit: Future PLC)CCL Wetrooms have created this comprehensive guide to help you design and install a stylish, watertight wet room. Discover best practices. [email protected] 0344 327 6002. ... A wet room is better able to take advantage of minimal space and can actually use space more efficiently than a normal shower. Wet Rooms Never Dry Poorly designed wet …
1. Go for all-over plaster in a small wet room. (Image credit: Quick-Step) Hygienic, seamless and extremely beautiful, polished plaster is a popular choice right now. In small wet rooms and walk-in shower ideas, …. Bar in hollywood
Susan Semmelmann Interiors- Award Winning Designer. Inspiration for a transitional master mosaic tile wood-look tile floor, brown floor and double-sink bathroom remodel in Dallas with recessed-panel cabinets, distressed cabinets, an undermount tub, white walls, an undermount sink, gray countertops and a built-in vanity. Browse By Color. Wet rooms. Bathroom fitting. From design to completion of the project. We do not need to outsource any subcontractors as we can complete all aspects of bathroom fitting, tiling and wet room installation apart from any legal requirements. We can find the correct tiles for your home as well as provide: Electric under floor heating. Natural Stone Tiling. Porcelain & …May 26, 2023 · Brophy Interiors. This moody walk-in shower from Brophy Interiors is covered in dark gray concrete-style tile on the walls, floors, and built-in bench in the walk-in shower, making the bright white adjacent soaking tub stand out. Continue to 15 of 43 below. 15 of 43. Accessible wet room dimensions are different to standard wet rooms, with building regulations stating the minimum as 2500mm x 2400mm. These are for a disabled wet room with a toilet, basin and shower. There are also recommended minimum requirements for shower trays, those being 1000mm x 1000mm. It is a possibility …Apr 22, 2023 · Wet room ideas open up the opportunity for contemporary creative design, without the need to squeeze in a shower enclosure or raised shower tray. A wet room can be a real luxury at home, even when ... 75 Bathroom - Open Shower and Wet Room Ideas You'll Love - February, 2024 | Houzz. ON SALE - UP TO 75% OFF. Bathroom Vanities Chandeliers Bar Stools Pendant Lights Rugs Living Room Chairs Dining Room Furniture Wall Lighting Coffee Tables Side & End Tables Home Office Furniture Sofas Bedroom Furniture …Origins Wet Room Shower Base with Offset Drain - 1800 x 900mm £450.84 inc. VAT Made for the larger shower room. At 1800 x 900mm it will form the basis of a magnificent showering space. Origins Everest8 800mm Mirror Wetroom Panel £240.00 inc. VAT Features a mirror finish for extra privacy. Made from tough 8mm …These kits are available in 1k, 2k, 3k and 4k options and come with a watertight base and tanking kit. Expect a low profile (wet room flooring depth of 64mm) with high-capacity drainage. Available in our Linear Drain Wet Room Kits collection, this is a fixed module that comes with a wet room shower screen, waterproofing kit and …A luxury wet room demands a luxury shower, which is why we’ve selected a premium shower riser system from Mode Bathrooms, complete with dual heads and precise, thermostatic control. Although, a concealed shower, where the valve sits within your wall cavity, can save on space and give your bathroom an even more …Aug 21, 2023 · Due to their open design, wet rooms in the bathroom also can be a bit noisy. Let’s take a look at some special considerations and best features found in bathroom wet rooms. Four of the Best Bathroom Wet Room Features. Transforming your bathroom into a wet room changes the dynamic of the space and may bring up some special considerations. While it’s easiest to install a small wet roomin a new-build or extension, any bathroom, upstairs or down, can be fully tanked for wet room use. There are certain situations where a wet room comes into its own. 'Wet rooms are particularly effective in small or awkward scenarios, like rooms with sloped … See moreWhat’s more, with our stylish range of anti-slip safety wet room flooring options, shower panelling, and wall tiling, you don’t have to compromise on the design and aesthetics of the bathroom. 5. Case Study. Mr & Mrs G approached us just three years after installing a new shower to replace their bath. Mr G’s mobility rapidly decreased, making it difficult for him …Expert Wet Room and Bathroom Fitters in the South West. We focus our service on the latest trend in the market. We ensure that our service and products meet our customers’ and clients’ expectations. We do this because we value our output all the more. As one of the UK’s primary wet room specialist, the Wetroom Pro …A wet room features a shower that is typically designed without walls, doors, or enclosures to be entirely open-concept and easily accessible. Wet room bathrooms are perfect for individuals with mobility issues, those who struggle with stepping in and out of a shower or tub, or for families who want to decrease their worry of water going ...How to make a wet room watertight: Step 1 water drainage. Whilst installing the shower tray for your wet room, an area is also selected for drainage and incorporated into the wet room design. A gradual slope is created along the floor to encourage the water to run directly into the drain. As mentioned above, the wet …Including the bathroom, which brings the total square footage to 53 square feet, the entire room is only about the size of Singapore's new 50-square-foot A380 first class suite. St....